GRAMMAR
FOCUS Unit 1-10
·
Statement with be ;
possessive adjectives
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Statement with be
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Contraction of be
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Possessive adjectives
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I’m from mexico
You’re from Brazil
He’s from Japan
She’s a new club member
It’s an exciting city
We’re in the same class
They’re my classmates
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I’m = I am
You’re = You are
He’s = He is
She’s = She is
It’s = It is
We’re = We are
They’re = They are
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My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
their
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·
Yes/No questions and short
answers with be
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Are you free?
Is David from Mexico?
Is Beth’s class in the morning?
Are You and Beth in the same class?
Are Your classes interesting?
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Yes, I am
Yes, he is
Yes, it is
Yes, we are
Yes, they are
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No, I’m not
No, he’s not/No, he isn’t
No, it’s not/No, it isn’t
No, we’re not/No, we aren’t
No, they’re not/No, they aren’t
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·
Simple present Wh-questions
and statements
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What do you do?
Where do you work?
Where do you go to
school?
Where does Andrea work?
What does she do?
How does she like it?
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I’m a student, and I have
a part-time job
I work at/in a restaurant
I go to the University of Texas
She works at Thomas Cook Travel
She’s a guide. She takes people
on tours
She loves it
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I/You
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He/She
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Work
Take
Study
Teach
do
go
have
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Works
Takes
Studies
Teaches
Does
Goes
has
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·
Time Expressions
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I get up
I go to bed
I leave work
I get home
I stay up
I wake up
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At 07.00
Around ten
Early
Late
Until midnight
Before/after noon
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In the morning
In the evening
In the afternoon
At night
On Saturdays
On sundays
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On weekdays
On weeknights
On weekends
On fridays
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Expressing clock time
07:00
Seven
Seven o’clock
7:00 A.M= 7:00 in the morning
7:00 P.M=7:00 in the evening
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·
Demonstratives; one, ones
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How much is
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This necklace?
This one?
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That necklace?
That one?
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Which one?
The blue one
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It’s $42.
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How much are
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These earrings?
These?
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Those earrings?
Those?
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Which ones?
The yellow ones
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They’re $18.
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·
Preferences; comparisons
with adjectives
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Which one do you prefer?
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I prefer the leather one
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This one is nicer
than .....
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Which one do you like
better/more?
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The leather jacket is prettier
than .....
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I like the leather one better/more.
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It looks bigger than
.....
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It’s more stylish
than ....
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·
Yes/No and Wh-questions
with do
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Do you like rap?
Yes, I do. I like it
a lot
No, I don’t like it
very much
Does he play the piano?
Yes, he does
No, he doesn’t
Do they like the beatles?
Yes, they do. They
love them
No, they don’t like
them very much
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What kind of music do you like?
I like rock a lot
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Object Pronouns
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Me
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You
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What does he play?
He plays the guitar
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Him
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Her
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It
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Who do they like?
They like U2
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Us
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them
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·
Would; verb + to + verb
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Would you like to go out on Friday?
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Would you like to go to a soccer match?
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Contractions
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Yes, I would
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I’d like to, but I have
to work late
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I’d = I would
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Yes, I’d love to.
Thanks
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I’d like to, but I
need to save money
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Yes, I’d really like
to go
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I’d like to, but I
want to visit my parents
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·
Present continuous
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Are you living at home now?
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Yes, I am
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No, I’m not
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Is your sister working for the government?
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Yes, She is
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No, she’s not/No, she isn’t
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Are Ed an Jill going to college this year?
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Yes, they are
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No, they’re not/ No, they aren’t
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Where are you working now?
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I’m not working. I need a job
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What is your brother doing these days?
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He’s travelling in the Amazon
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Who are your parents visiting this week?
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They’re visiting my grandmother
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·
Quantifiers
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100%
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All
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Families have only one child
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Nearly all
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Most
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Many
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Families are smaller these days
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A lot of
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Some
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Not many
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Couples have more than one child
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A few
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Few
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0%
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No one
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Gets married before the age of 18
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·
Adverbs of frequency
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How often do you exercise?
I lift weights every day
I go jogging once a week
I play soccer twice a
month
I swim about three times
a year
I don’t exercise very often/much
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Do you ever watch TV in the evening?
Yes, I often watch TV
after dinner
I sometimes watch TV
before bed
Sometimes I watch TV
before bed
I hardly ever watch
TV
No, I never watch TV
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100 %
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Always
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Almost always
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Usually
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Often
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Sometimes
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Hardly ever
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Almost ever
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0 %
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never
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·
Questions with how; short
answers
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How often do you work out?
Every day
Twice a week
Not very often
How long do you spend at the gym?
Thirty minutes a day
Two hours a week
About an hour on weekends
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How well do you play tennis?
Pretty well
About average
Not very well
How good are you at sports?
Pretty good
OK
Not so good
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·
Simple past
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Did you work on Saturday?
Yes, I did. I worked
all day
No, I didn’t. I didn’t
work at all
Did you go anywhere last weekend?
Yes, I did. I went
to the movies
No, I didn’t. I didn’t
go anywhere
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What did Rick do on Saturday?
He stayed home and studied
for a test
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How did Meg spend her weekend?
She went to a
karaoke bar and sang with some friends
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·
Past of be
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Were you in Hawaii?
Was the weather OK?
Were you and your cousin on vacation?
Were your parents there?
How long were you away?
How was your vacation?
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Yes, I was
No, it wasn’t
Yes, we were
No, they weren’t
I was away for a week
It was excellent!
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Contractions
Wasn’t = was not
Weren’t = were not
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·
There is, there are; one,
any, some
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Is there a laundromat
near here?
Yes, there is.
There’s one across from the shopping center
No, there isn’t. But
there’s one next to the library
Are there any grocery stores around here?
Yes, there are. There
are some nice stores on Pine Street
No, there aren’t, but
there are some on Third Avenue
No, there aren’t any
around here
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Prepositions
On
Next to
Near/close to
Across from/opposite
In front of
In back of/behind
Between
On the corner of
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·
Quantifiers; how many and
how much
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Count nouns
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Noncount nouns
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Are there many restaurants?
Yes, there are a lot
Yes, there are a few
No, there aren’t many
No, there aren’t any
No, there are none
How many restaurants are there?
There are ten or twelve
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Is there much crime?
Yes, there’s a lot
Yes, there’s a little
No, there isn’t much
No, there isn’t any
No, there’s none
How much crime is there?
There’s a lot of street
crime
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·
Describing people
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General appearance
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Age
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Height
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Hair
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What does she look like?
She’s tall, with red hair
She’s georgeous
Does he wear glasses?
Yes, and he has a beard
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How old is she?
She’s about 32
She’s in her thirties
How old is he?
He’s in his twenties
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How tall is she?
She’s 1 meter 88
She’s 6 feet 2
How tall is he?
He’s quite short
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How long is her hair?
It’s medium length
What color is his hair?
It’s dark/light brown
He has brown hair
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·
Modifiers with participles
and prepositions
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Who’s Raoul?
Which one is Raoul?
Who’s Liz?
Which one is Julia?
Who are the smiths?
Which ones are the Smiths?
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He’s the man
He’s the one
She’s the woman
She’s the tall one
They’re the people
They’re the ones
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Wearing a green shirt
Talking to Liz
With short black hair
In jeans
Next to the window
On the couch
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·
Present perfect; already, yet
The present perfect
is formed with the verb have + the past participle.
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Have you been to a jazz club?
Has she ridden in a streetcar?
Has he called home lately?
Have they eaten dinner yet?
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Yes, I’ve been to several
Yes, She’s ridden in one
Yes, he’s called twice this week
Yes, they’ve already eaten
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No, I haven’t been to one
No, she hasn’t ridden in one
No, he hasn’t called in months
No, they haven’t eaten
yet
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Contractions
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I’ve = I have
You’ve = you have
Hasn’t = has not
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He’s = he has
She’s = she has
It’s = it has
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We’ve = we have
They’ve = they have
Haven’t = have not
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·
Present perfect vs. Simple
past
Use the present perfect for an indefinite
time in the past
Use the simple past for a specific event in
the past
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Have you ever eaten Moroccan food?
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Yes, I have. I ate it once in paris
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No, I haven’t. I’ve never eaten it
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Have you ever had green curry?
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Yes, I have. I tried it several years ago
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No, I haven’t. I’ve never had it
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·
Modal verbs can and should
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What can I do in Mexico city?
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What should I see there?
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You can see the
palace of Fine Arts
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You should visit the
National Museum
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You can’t visit some
museums on Mondays
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You Shouldn’t miss
the Pyramid of the Sun
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·
Infinitive complements
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What should you do for a cold?
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It’s important
It’s sometimes helpful
It’s a good idea
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To get a lot of rest
To eat garlic soup
To take some vitamin C
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·
Modal verbs can, could, may
for requests; suggestions
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Can/May I help you?
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What do you suggest/have for dry skin?
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Can I have a box of cough drops?
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Try some of this lotion
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Could I have something for a cough?
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I suggest some ointment
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May I have a bottle of aspirin?
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You should get some skin cream
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